Brazil’s population reached 214.2 million on July 1, 2026, according to estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Growth slowed to 0.37%, compared with 0.39% a year earlier.
The country had 213.4 million residents in 2025. Therefore, the latest estimate represents an increase of about 791,000 people over the year.
Brazil’s population is concentrated in major cities
Fifteen Brazilian cities with more than one million residents now account for 42.9 million people. Together, they hold 20% of the country’s population.
Most of these cities are state capitals. However, Guarulhos and Campinas are the two exceptions. Both are municipalities in São Paulo state.
Population growth is expected to peak in 2041
IBGE projects that Brazil’s population will keep growing until it reaches 220.43 million in 2041. After that peak, the total is expected to begin declining.
Meanwhile, smaller families and rapid population aging are reshaping the country’s demographics. Annual population growth exceeded 1% during the 2000s, well above the latest rate.
Regional trends also differ. Alagoas and Rio Grande do Sul are expected to record their final year of population growth in 2026. Their populations are then projected to start falling in 2027.
How the annual estimates are used
The annual estimates are separate from the census, which takes place every ten years. They also help determine how federal funds are distributed to states and municipalities through the participation funds.
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